The putty is a basic component of a plumber's toolkit and is often used when replacing plumbing fixtures. It is a pliable substance used to make watertight seals around faucets and drains. Plumber's putty is the common name encompassing a variety of products of completely different compositions, all used for making watertight seals in plumbing. Pratley Putty is an epoxy putty used primarily for steel bonding. Polyester putty and epoxy putty are plastics that can be molded by hand but become stiff and hard after curing. In woodworking, water-based putties are more commonly used, as these emit very little odour, are more easily cleaned up and are compatible with water-based and latex sealers. In the latter case, hydrates in the putty produce an endothermic reaction to mitigate heat transfer to the unexposed side. Putties can also be made intumescent, in which case they are used for firestopping as well as for padding of electrical outlet boxes in fire-resistance rated drywall assemblies. Painter's putty is typically a linseed oil-based product used for filling holes, minor cracks, and defacements in wood only.
Butyl rubber is also added to the mixture to provide some strength and flexibility. There are a number of synthetic alternatives such as polybutene-based putties, where the polybutene is a low molecular weight oligomer replacing the linseed oil. Historically, white lead was sometimes mixed with the whiting. Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a base of whiting (finely ground chalk) with linseed oil in various proportions. Putty has been used extensively in glazing for fixing and sealing panes of glass into wooden frames (or sashes), although its use is decreasing with the prevalence of PVC and metal window frames which use synthetic sealants such as silicone. The other putty mixture may be a calcium carbonate (CaCO 3, 750-850 parts) based with a admixtures of CaO (ash calcium, 120-180 parts), white cement (40-60 parts), and talc powders in much more lower concetrations (fractions). Putty, or lime putty, is made from a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H 2O) in proportions of 38% and 62% by weight respectively, as result, the solution forms hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2) which takes up about a half of the weight.
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